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The Independent (UK): 'Satanic'
Brotherhood with Clergymen in its Ranks
DATE: 15th November 2002
By Jason Bennetto, The
Independent 15 November 2002
Freemasonry describes itself on its website as
the "UK's largest secular, fraternal, and charitable
organisation". So why does the new Archbishop of Canterbury think it is
a secret society with dubious spiritual credentials?
And why does Dr Rowan Williams also believe that Church of England ministers
should not belong to the Brotherhood, an organisation he describes as
incompatible with Christianity?
His views will be greeted with astonishment by the significant number of
senior clergymen and Christians who are members of the 350,000-strong Craft,
who have organised a slick media campaign to counter bad publicity.
The Freemasons of England now have a website – www.freemasonry.net. The
United Grand Lodge of England says that it is not a "secret
society", but merely holds private meetings.
"Freemasonry does not try to replace religion or substitute for it.
Freemasonry requires a belief in God and its principles are common to many
of the world's great religions," it says.
"There are elements within certain churches who misunderstand
Freemasonry and confuse secular rituals with religious liturgy."
It adds that many of its members are Anglicans and Catholics and would be
"dismayed that the churches should attack Freemasonry".
But some observers believe that at the heart of the Craft – and known only
to those who reach the highest levels – there is a sinister quasi-religion
based on a composite Masonic God, known as Jah-Bul-On.
In his 1984 book The Brotherhood, Stephen Knight turned the spotlight on the
inner workings of the Masons. "I have spoken to 57 long-standing Royal
Arch Freemasons [one of the most senior groups], who have been happy to talk
to me.All but four lost their composure when I said, 'What about Jah-Bul-On?',"
he wrote.
A spokesman for Dr Williams said yesterday that many Christians believed
that Jah-Bul-On was considered to refer to the "incarnation of
Satan". He added that the Masons promised in the 1980s to drop any
reference to Jah-Bul-On because of the offence it was causing.
In a letter to Hugh Sinclair, a man who for years has been investigating the
Brotherhood, Dr Williams said: "I have real misgivings about the
compatibility of Masonry and Christian profession." He later said he
questioned whether it was "appropriate for Christian ministers to
belong to secret organisations" and expressed "anxiety about the
spiritual content of Masonry".
He also raised the issue of "back scratching" and the possible
debt clergymen may feel towards fellow members of the Craft.
The relationship between Freemasons and the Catholic and Anglican churches
has been a complex and at times a fraught one.
Dr Williams' spokesman said: "From the end of the 19th century a lot of
Anglican clergy got involved in Freemasonry. In the 20th century a number of
very senior clergymen were Masons. In the 1960s people started turning
against the idea of secret societies and a number of Anglican ministers saw
it as possibly Satanically inspired."
The influence of the Brotherhood within the Church of England has continued
and the Freemasons acknowledge that many clergymen and Anglicans are
members.
Leading Mason Church of England clergymen of the past include the former
Archbishop of Canterbury Geoffrey Fisher, who headed the Church of England
from 1945 to 1961. He held the senior post of Grand Chaplain for the United
Grand Lodge of England.
Robert Milburn, the former Dean of Worcester, held the same senior Masonic
post as the Archbishop.
John Habgood, the former Archbishop of York, told the General Synod that he
believed Freemasonry was a "fairly harmless eccentricity" and
later expressed the view that he did not see any conflict in being a Mason
and a Christian.
In July 1987 the General Synod, the governing body of the Church of England,
ducked the issue when bishops endorsed a report looking into whether being a
Christian and a Freemason were compatible.
A working party concluded that Freemasons who belonged to the church did not
think there was a problem, while non-Masons thought there were difficulties.
The issue has not been debated since.
At one stage Catholics were banned from being Freemasons, but the two are no
longer seen as incompatible providing Catholics belong to a British branch
of the Masons.
Critics believe this is partly due to the influence of members of the
Brotherhood within the Catholic church.
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